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May 30, 2013 8027952 K total memory 4114688 K used memory 1960100 K active memory 1849792 K inactive memory 3913264 K free memory 132240 K buffer memory 1667108 K swap cache 15624188 K total swap 573224 K used swap 15050964 K free swap 931285 non-nice user cpu ticks 6391 nice user cpu ticks 152567 system cpu ticks 7019826 idle cpu ticks 181109 IO-wait cpu.

Linux Check Memory Slots, baixar poker brasil online, slotsskills tj, mobile casino free bonuses. For example, through the Ctrl + Alt + Del keyboard shortcut, power user menu (Windows key + X keyboard shortcut), and the Ctrl + Shift + ESC keyboard shortcut. Click on the Performance tab. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub 8. This standard Linux utility shows what your systems have got internally. The command is a combination of ls, the standard command to list files and PCI that is for the peripheral connection. Jun 18, 2019 In this tutorial, learn the five most commonly used commands to check memory usage in Linux. We also provide with detailed explanations of what they do and more importantly, how to interpret the results. The commands will work with nearly all distributions. In this instance, the commands and the results are presented using Ubuntu 18.04.

It is essential that your Linux system runs at an optimal level. A few simple terminal commands provide access to all relevant information and help you monitor memory statistics.

In this tutorial, learn five powerful commands to check memory usage in Linux.

We also provide detailed explanations of what they do and more importantly, how to interpret the results. The commands will work with nearly all Linux distributions. In this instance, the commands and the results are presented using Ubuntu 18.04

• Access to a command line / terminal
• User with sudo privileges
• The apt package manager

Entering cat /proc/meminfo in your terminal opens the /proc/meminfo file.

This is a virtual file that reports the amount of available and used memory. It contains real-time information about the system’s memory usage as well as the buffers and shared memory used by the kernel. The output might differ slightly based on the architecture and operating system in question.

This is an example of what the /proc/meminfo file looks like in Ubuntu 18.04:

The terminal displays the information in kilobytes.

Typing freein your command terminal provides the following result:

The data represents the used/available memory and the swap memory figures in kilobytes.

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Compared to the /proc/meminfo file, the free command provides less information. However, it is easier to understand. The key figure being the available value as it displays how much memory is still available for running new applications.

The free command has multiple options to format the output so that it better matches your requirements. The table below lists the most useful variations of the free command.

Note: As with most commands, entering man free displays an overview of all variations and descriptions of the results.

The vmstatcommand is a useful tool that reports virtual memory statistics.

vmstat provides general information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and CPU activity.

The detailed description listed below provides an explanation for each value in case you need assistance in analyzing the results.

• Procs
  • r: number of processes waiting for run time.
  • b: number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
• Memory
  • swpd: amount of virtual memory used.
  • free: amount of idle memory.
  • buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.
  • cache: amount of memory used as cache.
• Swap
  • si: memory swapped in from disk (/s).
  • so: memory swapped to disk (/s).
• IO
  • bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
  • bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
• System
  • in: number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
  • cs: number of context switches per second.
• CPU – These are percentages of total CPU time.
  • us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
  • sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
  • id: Time spent idle. Before Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
  • wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Before Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
  • st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Before Linux 2.6.11, unknown.

The top command is useful to check memory and CPU usage per process. It displays information about:

• uptime
• average load
• tasks running
• number of users logged in
• number of CPUs/CPU utilization
• memory/swap system processes

The data is continuously updated, which allows you to follow the processes in real-time.

Aside from providing you with essential memory information, the top command provides a limited interactive interface. It is possible to manipulate and configure operations by using command-line options.

The man top command provides a comprehensive list of all available variations.

The information the htop command provides is similar to the top command. However, the real advantage to the htop command is its user-friendly environment and improved controls.

The command uses color for its output, provides full command lines for processes, as well as the option to scroll both vertically and horizontally.

The following output appears:

• 1. The top segment provides summary information and contains graphic meters and text counters.
  2. The lower section structures the detailed data, per process. This allows you to perform actions on individual processes with ease.
  3. The shortcuts listed at the bottom of the screen will enable you to manipulate and customize the processes quickly and without the need to type specific commands.

Note: If you run into “Command ‘htop’ not found” message when trying to run the htop command, you will need to install the htop function first:

As an alternative, use the command below:

Using a graphical interface for server administration is not common practice. However, certain data sets are much clearer, with a visual representation of memory usage.

To access the System Monitor:

1. Navigate to Show Applications.
2. Enter System Monitor in the search bar and access the application.
3. Select the Resources tab.
4. A graphical overview of your memory consumption in real time, including historical information is displayed.

This guide provided several options to check memory usage on your Linux system. We learned that a single command provides an abundance of valuable data for future analysis. Learning to interpret the information correctly is critical.

Now you can administer your server more efficiently.

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Here’s a useful way of finding out how many memory slots are occupied on the motherboard of a machine without removing the cover, as well as how much installed physical memory is supported.

We can use the dmidecode command to reveal your systems DMI table, which contains details of the systems hardware.

There are a whole load of DMI types we can look at – a full table of those at the end of this article.

In this particular case, we are interested in memory – type 16 ‘Physical Memory Array’ will show us how much memory is supported and DMI type 17 will reveal details of currently installed memory.

So, first off:-

dmidecode -t 16

Maximum Capacity shows us the maximum amount of memory can be installed in the machine. Number of devices tells us how many slots there are on the motherboard – in this case, 8.

Now we can interrogotate DMI type 17 – ‘Memory Device’ to show us details of installed memory

dmidecode -t 17

Each module installed will be listed with the the information given above. If we just want to know how many modules are installed and what size they are, we only really need the Size: – so we use grep

dmidecode -t 17 grep Size

From this we can see that 8x 2048MB modules are installed – so all the slots on the motherboard are populated.

There is plenty of other useful information that can be retrieved using dmidecode, including

-t1 System

-t2 Base Board

-t3 Chassis

-t4 CPU

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-t9 PCI slots

Full SMIBIOS Specification

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1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Device